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A wildlife habitat consists of a combination of food, water, shelter, and space arranged to meet the needs of wildlife. All yards, no matter how large or small, can be landscaped to attract small animals, birds, butterflies, and beneficial insects. Trees, shrubs, and other plants can provide both shelter and food for your local wildlife.

The plants you use to provide food and cover will play a large part in determining the specific wildlife species that might be attracted to your backyard. Adding nesting boxes, feeders, and watering sites, such as fountains and garden ponds, can greatly improve the habitat.

Planning is an important step in providing an attractive and productive wildlife habitat. Keep in mind that you have both a horizontal area to work with (the size of your yard) as well as a vertical area that stretches from the ground to the treetops. The vertical area is composed of four distinct zones: — the canopy formed by the tallest tree branches — understory vegetation consisting of smaller trees, shrubs, and vines — the floor which is often dominated by low-growing ground covers, and — the basement where a variety of organisms exist in the soil. Different wildlife species favor each of these zones, so a wide range of habitats can be provided on even a small piece of land.

Trees and shrubs are the backbone of any landscaping design and are just as important for wildlife. Many tree, shrub and flower species are great sources of food for your local wildlife. A well planned and thought out selection of plants can meet the aesthetic needs of the homeowner as well as the food and shelter needs of wildlife. Remember that YOU are also an integral part of the habitat!

A word about native vs exotic plants Native plants are better for the habitat than exotic plants, generally requiring less fertilizer and other additives, less water, and less effort in pest control. They are especially important to native wildlife, such as pollinators, that may have co-evolved with a particular native species. Pollinators often rely on a certain type of flower as a source of food, while the flower depends on the pollinator to transport its pollen to other flowers for reproduction.

Non-native plants in a backyard habitat can damage the delicate balance of the local ecosystem. All too often they can even crowd out native species to the point of extinction. Local wildlife benefit more when native plants remain in place, or are restored to their natural habitats, thus providing the best source of food for local animals.

When planning your wildlife habitat you may want to check out the possibility of including garden water fountains or garden waterfallsto make your backyard habitat more appealing for you and your family in addition to your wildlife.